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10/23/2019 1:04:23 PM
goon2019
Posts 392
Alupent (Orciprenaline Sulfate)


Orciprenaline powder is a bronchodilating agent. The bronchospasm associated with various pulmonary diseases – chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, bronchial asthma, silicosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and carcinoma of the lung, has been successfully reversed by therapy with orciprenaline.

Orciprenaline has the following major characteristics: The action of orciprenaline is one of beta stimulation. Receptor sites in the bronchi and bronchioles are more sensitive to the drug than those in the heart and blood vessels, so that the ratio of bronchodilating to cardiovascular effects is favorable. Consequently, it is usually possible clinically to produce good bronchodilation at dosage levels which are unlikely to cause cardiovascular side effects.

The efficacy of the bronchodilator after both oral and inhalation administration has been demonstrated by pulmonary function studies (spirometry, and by measurements of airways resistance by body plethysmography).Rapid onset of action follows administration of orciprenaline inhalants, and the effect is usually noted immediately. Following oral administration, the effect is usually noted within 30 minutes.The peak effect of bronchodilator activity following orciprenaline generally occurs within 60 to 90 minutes, and this activity lasts for 3 to 6 hours.Orciprenaline taken orally potentiates the action of a bronchodilator inhalant administered 90 minutes later, whereas no additive effect occurs when the drugs are given in reverse order.

Patients have not developed tolerance to the drug during prolonged therapy.No toxic effects on the liver, kidneys or hematologic system have been reported in the long-term use of orciprenaline in man.Indications And Clinical Uses: Orciprenaline has been found useful in the following conditions: bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema.Orciprenaline is also useful in sarcoidosis, silicosis, carcinoma of the lung and tuberculosis when bronchospasm contributes to the disability.

Patients with chronic airways obstructive disease require long-term therapy with bronchodilators as an essential part of overall management aimed at lowering airways resistance and facilitating bronchial drainage. Orciprenaline has been shown to fulfill the basic requirements of such continued therapy in that it is effective both orally and as an inhalant, has a rapid and prolonged action, and has a low incidence of side effects.

Inhalation Aerosol: The efficacy of orciprenaline administered as an aerosol has been demonstrated by increased flow rates (FEV1, MMFR, MEFR, MBC) decreased airways resistance (body plethysmography), and decreased functional residual capacity (body plethysmography).

In one study the effect of 4.5 mg of orciprenaline has been compared with the effect of 0.45 mg of isoproterenol each drug being given as an aerosol over a period of 8 minutes. Although the improvement in pulmonary function was consistently better with orciprenaline, 1 hour, 3 hours, and 6 hours following inhalation, changes in pulse rate and blood pressure were less pronounced with orciprenaline. This indicated a more favorable ratio of bronchodilating to cardiovascular effects for orciprenaline.

In another study, orciprenaline 2% solution, racemic epinephrine 2.25% and isoproterenol 1% were each administered as aerosols on separate days. The aerosols were administered by hand nebulizer for 30 minutes or until cardiovascular side effects appeared.
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